
In a superconducting tunnel junction, a microscopic wall of aluminum oxide separates two superconducting shores. At zero voltage, the barrier is an illusion; paired electrons—Cooper pairs—ghost perfectly through the solid insulator via the Josephson effect, feeling no resistance. The wall simply does not exist for the whole. But if the voltage is raised high enough to break the pairs apart into single quasiparticles, the illusion shatters. The single, broken electrons suddenly see the wall, and can only cross by smashing through it in a violent spike of dissipative current.